Essay on The Shocking Truths of Divorce - 1073 Words

An absence of a parent or a parent’s separation, divorce, when a child is developing, may affect the child’s future relationships. â€Å"Evidence shows that, on average, children who have experienced parental divorce score somewhat lower than children in first-marriage families on measures of social development, emotional well-being, self-concept, academic performance, educational attainment, and physical health† (Demo, Supple) Since there are high rates of divorce in America, I decided to write about it. Providing facts that might persuade the reader to think the way I do. Divorce is like a disease, it starts with a disagreement until the relationship is destroyed. According to Princeton University, today less than half of children grow†¦show more content†¦According to Supple, women have always assumed primary for child care. â€Å"Although it is true that women have always and everywhere assumed primary responsibility for the care of very young children, this responsibility has seldom precluded either their major involvement in subsistence provision or a substantial reliance upon other caretakers† (Lamb). Since the father has to supply the basic needs for the family and has to get a job. He doesn’t establish a relationship directly with the child, causing the child feeling the absence of a parent. Since there is no bond between father and child, when the infant grows up and notices that his peers have both parents attention. Then he starts having trouble in his own personal life, causing him/her to be insecure in their future roles as parents. â€Å"Evidence shows that, on average, children who have experienced parenta l divorce score somewhat lower than children in first-marriage families on measures of social development, emotional well-being, self-concept, academic performance, educational attainment, and physical health†. â€Å"Marriages that end in divorce typically begin a process of unraveling, estrangement, or an emotional separation year before the actual legal divorce is obtained.† (Demo, Supple) Divorce might seem easy, but actually this process has various effects on the couple, and in the child [if present]. During the process there is usually a lot of fighting, and the childrenShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Persian Carpet Essay762 Words   |  4 Pagessuffers from self doubt as she gains a new perspective on her mother, the antagonist, as she finds out the latter has been lying to her for several months about the disappearance of their old â€Å"Persian Carpet†, which is the reason for her parents divorce. The author conveys the theme of selfishness and betrayal through her use of characterization and symbols. First, through characterization, the author follows the young girl, which struggles to understand her mother selfishness. Before meetingRead MoreReflection Paper : Ethical Dilemma866 Words   |  4 Pageshe did not drink. That was very shocking news for us because no one wants to marry their daughter to anyone who is loose character. Moreover, drinking is something never done or promoted in our family and also contrary to our religious beliefs. 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The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Essay

The Negative Effects of Automobile Emissions Pollution Charles Dickens wrote about the dirty conditions of London, England by saying, Smoke lowering down from chimney pots, making a soft black drizzle, with flakes of soot in it as big as full-grown snowflakes – gone into mourning, one might imagine, for the death of the sun . . . Fog everywhere . . . fog down the river, where it rolls defiled among the tiers of shipping, and the waterside pollutions of a great (and dirty) city (Qtd. Langone 28). The problem with the air back in Dickens’ day was all of the coal that was burned for heat and power. Today, we do not often use coal in our individual homes or businesses, but we still have a big problem with our air. Automobiles are our†¦show more content†¦The Very Unhealthful level advises people to avoid outdoor activity and people with heart and lung problems should stay indoors and avoid all activity. At this level, there are widespread irritation symptoms among the healthy population. The last level, Hazardous, can cause many serious health problems, including the early onset of disease. It advises that everyone should stay indoors with all doors and windows shut and avoid physical activity of any kind. This level can also cause premature death in the ill and elderly (EPA 4). The negative effects of automobile emissions pollution were recognized long ago. The Department of Health, Education and Welfare estimated in the late 1950’s that nationwide, cars contribute 48 percent of the carbon monoxide, 4 percent of the sulfur dioxide, 32 percent of the nitrogen oxides, 59 percent of hydrocarbons and 8 percent of the particulate matter in our atmosphere. With all of these figures together, it meant that the automobile was by far the nations largest polluter, being responsible for 43 percent of all air pollution (Patterson 6). These numbers were staggering and brought many people to the opinion that something had to be done. 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Boundary Issue in Social Work free essay sample

Boundary Issues in Social Work: Its implication for Social Workers Florida Atlantic University Boundary issues in social Work: It implication for social workers Reamer’s article entitled. â€Å"Boundary issues in social work: Managing dual relationships. † provides an overview of boundary issues in social work, and also stresses the fact that social work literature clearly demonstrates that ethical issues related to boundaries are among the most problematic and challenging (2003,p. 121). Consequently, for Social Workers, establishing a solid professional, ethical and consistent relationship with their clients must be their ultimate goal. Unfortunately, many find themselves in situations where their ethical and professional careers come into question, because of boundary issues. As defined by Reamer in his article, boundary issues occur when social workers face possible conflicts of interest in the form of what has become know as dual or multiple relationships (121). Social workers should not enter into dual relationship with their clients, because of the negative implications it can generate. This paper will discuss ethical issues that violate boundaries. Be it may social, emotion or professional relationship, for both social worker and clients when a social worker form a dual relationship with his/her clients, and create boundary issues. This relationship as stated by Reamer occurs when professionals engage with clients or social groups in more than one relationship, assumes a second role with a client, becoming social worker and friend, employer, teacher, and family member. The NASW Code of Ethics identifies core values (service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity and competence) on which social workers should base their professional relationships with their clients, and should be followed to ensure professionalism. As stated by Reamer, â€Å"Social Workers-be they clinical, community organizers, policy makers, supervisors, researchers, administrators, or educators, oftentimes come across circumstances that pose actual or potential boundary issues† (2003,p. 121). However, as a social worker, one has to be cognizant of the fact that in many cases he/she is highly esteemed by their clients and often privileged to confidential and personal information, which is sometimes not privilege to family members or even close friends. Therefore extra precaution should be taken to avoid using this information to exploit their clients. Social relationship The case study entitle â€Å"Ethics Case Study: Juan S,† gives a prime example of social relationship that violates boundaries. This case study gives details of a family who immigrated to America illegally from El Salvador. Unable to get assistance from the government because of their illegal status, Juan’s mother and brother worked menial jobs to try and make ends meet and there were times when Juan mother was not paid for her services. After noticing Juan’s behavior in class his teacher recommended him to a social worker. After visiting with Juan and his family, the social worker was privileged to other information about the family, including the fact that his mother was having a hard time with her present employer and needed better employment in order to make ends meet. Ultimately, the social worker acted upon information given by Juan’s family and decided that it would work in her benefit, as well as Juan and his family, if she hired Juan’s mother to take care of her own children. In addition she also states â€Å"the arrangement would also be beneficial because he would be spending time in an English-speaking environment, thus improving his ability to communicate in school, and her children would be learning Spanish in the home. Employing Juan’s mother, to work in his/her home is a clean violation of the code. This is so because the social worker not only takes on the role of employer, but also friend. Relationship like these can easily be exploited and render the social worker ineffective and clients, psychologically scared. The reason for this is Juan’s Mother, Sylvia, might not feel comfortable talking to her â€Å"boss†/social worker about issue that could be helpful to her son, for fear of losing her job and not receiving help, which is their only mode of financial support. In addition, the social worker might loose credibility with Juan and Sylvia because of situations observed while in the social workers home. On the other hand some might find this night not see anything wrong with helping out a family in need but Social Workers in general need to learn from this occurrence and endeavor to be always cognizant of the fact that their ability to show genuine compassion and acceptance may be misconstrued by others. Consequently, Social Workers should understand culture and its function in human behavior and society, because this could have played a part in this client’s decision. In many cultures rewarding hard work and dedication is seen as honorable. Since a social worker has the grueling and sometimes daunting task of addressing clients’ many problems, the client may perceive that the Social Worker should be compensated. Conversely, some gestures made by clients may be inadvertently encouraged by the Social Worker therefore engendering a boundary issue. NASW therefore cautions Social Workers to be alert and avoid conflicts of interest that interfere with the exercise of professional discretion and impartial judgment (1999). Social workers should inform clients when an issues or potential conflict arises and make reasonable effort to resolve the issue, even if it means referring a client to another social worker. For many clients and non Social Workers, termination of the professional relationship with clients and referring then to another Social Worker might seem uncaring. However, Social Workers are well aware of the fact that this practice is endorsed by the NASW (1999) as an effective way to avoid potential boundary and dual relationship issues from occurring. In reiterating points made earlier in this paper, clients develop a level of trust when conversing with Social Workers and thus are able to speak freely, and develop friendships with that someone who they may perceive as the only person who shows genuine understanding of their situation and display unconditional positive regard toward them. The above mentioned qualities serve to assist clients to connect with their social workers and divulge more information than they would to a family member or friend. The drawback or negative impact of this occurs when Social Workers take advantage of a client by allowing the professional relationship to progress to a personal level. This is interpreted by the NASW as misconduct and should be frowned on as unprofessional by all Social Workers. Unfortunately, sexual misconduct continues to afflict the field of Social work, and in my opinion continues to be another boundary issue of high importance. The NASW clearly states that Social Workers should not engage in sexual activities or sexual contact with clients, relatives or other individuals with whom clients maintain a close personal relationship, since there is a risk of exploitation or potential harm to the client (1999). Sexual activity or sexual contact as stated above has the potential to be harmful to the client and may make it difficult for the social worker and client to maintain appropriate professional boundaries, and should be avoided at all cost. Unfortunately, some might argue that we do not live in a perfect world, and feelings of a sexual nature can culminate eventually between worker and client. However, this does not alleviate the ethical and professional responsibility placed upon a Social Worker to become and remain proficient in professional practices, when providing service to their clients. Despite the fact that Reamer’s article gives examples of some nonsexual and appropriate behavior in some circumstances, for example, â€Å"a brief hug at the termination of long-term treatment or placing one’s arm around a distraught client in a residential program who just receive bad news† (2003, p. 128) These behaviors, as stated by Reamer, are very brief and will not likely be harmful to the client. However, social workers should be in constant awareness of their ethical and professional boundaries as they relate to their clients, and try to avoid any situation that would compromise their relationship. As stated by Hutchinson â€Å"it may be assumed that for every exploitive Social Worker, there is at least one sexually exploited client† (2005). In addition, nearly half (46. 3%) of the 147 responding Social Workers surveyed by Hutchinson (2005) reported that 177 client had disclosed sexual involvement with a therapist which includes Social workers. Reamer cites the fact that during a 20-year period, nearly one in five lawsuits (18. %) against social workers, insured through the malpractice insurance program sponsored by the NASW Insurance Trust, alleged some form of sexual impropriety, and more than two-fifths (41. 3%) of insurance payments were the result of claims concerning sexual misconduct (2003, p. 124). Unfortunately, sexual misconduct in service oriented professions continues to be a significant problem. Olarte (as cited in Reamer, 2003) reported a national data that suggest between 8. 0 percent and 12. 0 percent of males and 1. 7 percent and 3. percent of females in these professions, which include social workers, admit having had sexual relationships with current or former clients. (p. 124). In my opinion social workers should abide by the NASW’s (1999). ). This contains standards that prohibit benefiting from clients, financially, physically or socially, and doesn’t take into consideration issues that some might assume as â€Å"not as severe as others†. Social relationship as stated by Reamer in his article is not as exploitive in nature, as social workers’ sexual involvement with clients. Reamer (2003) cites a recent empirical survey of a statewide sample of clinical social workers that uncovered substantial disagreement concerning the suitability of their behavior when dealing with clients, such as developing friendships with their clients; participating in social activities with clients; serving on community boards with clients; providing clients with one’s home telephone number; accepting goods and services from clients instead of money (p. 128). However, some social relationships that are not kept at a professional and ethical level can easily lead to boundary issues. This is so because social workers in their effort to communicate with their clients on these levels may inadvertently disclose a personal problem, which in turn can hinder their professional opinion and disregard the interest of their clients. As stated by Reamer, â€Å"this can be both helpful and harmful to the same client. Helpful in that the client feels more connected to the social worker and harmful in that the self-disclosure undermines the client’s confidence in the social worker† (2003, p. 123). The above ethics case shows how social relationship, no matter how well intended can create boundary issues and eventually leads to Dual relationship. This is so because she was not only seeing Juan on a professional level, for which she is being paid, but she was benefiting from service rendered by Juan and his mother. In other words, despite the fact that social relationships might not be consider as severe as the other boundary issues, such as financial gain and sexual misconduct, one should not minimized the potential implication that can arise from these relationships. In conclusion, it is observed that issues of boundaries and Dual relationships continue to be problematic and challenging for many social workers. Consequently, social worker must be cognizant of the fact that the NASW code of ethics, which identifies core values on which social worker should base their professional relationships, should be of utmost importance in their every day communication with their clients. As identified, some boundary issues can have serious implication for social workers as well as clients and should not be violated. The NASW demonstrates the ethical and professional expectations of social workers, and guide their relationships, as tempting as these relationships can be, social workers should always keep in mind their ethical and professional responsibility to their client.

The 2020 Summer Olympics in Madrid

Introduction Motivation The decision to bid for hosting the 2020 Olympic Games has been motivated by the fact that it will help Spain to boost its economic growth. Currently, Spain is in recession and hosting the 2020 Olympics will spur investments that will enhance economic recovery. Hosting the event will also enable Spain to promote peace and harmony in the world.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2020 Summer Olympics in Madrid specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Commitment The bid to hold the 2020 Summer Olympics in Madrid is supported by two companies namely, Coca-Cola and Adidas. These companies are important since their products directly support the Olympic Games. For instance, Coca-Cola’s soft drinks will be used by the participants. The two companies have pledged to support the bidding process by donating $ 1.5 billion. The government of Spain has also pledged to support the bid process through a grant of $ 35 million. Additionally, the government will be responsible for any financial short-comings. See the appendix for letters of support. Executive Summary The IOC should consider Madrid’s bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympic Games since the city already has adequate facilities to host the event. Due to the availability of adequate venues, transportation networks and hotel bed capacities, little construction will be required. This will reduce the cost of hosting the event and prevent environmental degradation. Additionally, Spain has successfully hosted Olympic Games in Barcelona. Hosting the event will enable Spain to promote peace and unity. Spain will also benefit economically by hosting the event. Community Overview Community Profile Spain has adopted a constitutional monarchy system of government. The executive is made-up of a Council of Ministers and is headed by the Prime Minister. Spain’s capitalist economy is the twelfth largest in the world. Spain†™s key industries include tourism, shipping, textile, automobile and energy. The main tourism products include summer resorts and beaches, circuses, national parks, and business tourism. In 2008, Spain had a population of 46 million people. The country’s favorable weather pattern encourages outdoor sporting activities. During winter, temperatures fall below 0 degrees and reach a high of 10 degrees. During summer seasons, temperatures range between 20 to 30 degrees.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Little or no rainfall is received during the summer. Consequently, the summer weather in Madrid will favor the Olympic outdoor games such as athletics (Karadakis, Kaplanidou and Karlis, 2010, pp. 170-185). The main means of transport in Madrid include subway networks, bus services, taxi service, rental cars and the train. Metro train services serve 161 stations and cost 1. 15 Euros per round trip. The commuter train connects key areas in Madrid and costs 5 Euros per trip. Government Support and Partnerships The government support is an important catalyst for the success of the bid for a mega sports event (Westerbeek, Tuner and Ingerson, 2002, pp. 303-322). Consequently, the government of Spain has pledged to support the bid to hold the 2020 Summer Olympics in Madrid. The government will provide cash to facilitate the biding process. Additionally, the government will fund the construction of the required infrastructure. The Municipal of Madrid has also pledged to support the bid both financially and in kind. Community Support and Partnerships The support of the community is critical for the success of the bid and the actual event. Currently, 84% of Spaniards support the bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympics in Madrid. The citizens have expressed their support through direct contributions of funds to the bid committee. Private companies have agreed to su pport the bid and the event by buying advertising rights and donating funds to the bid committee. Community Achievements In 1982, Spain hosted the FIFA World Cup tournament in Barcelona. A total of 24 teams from different parts of the world participated in the tournament. Approximately 2,109,723 people attended the event. The country realized a profit of about 10 billion by hosting the event. In 1992, Spain hosted the Summer Olympics in Barcelona. 9,811 athletes participated in the event. Approximately 84,067 people attended the event. Spain earned $ 16.6 billion by hosting the event. Additionally, Barcelona’s hotel bed capacity increased by 34.9% and tourism grew by 12%.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The 2020 Summer Olympics in Madrid specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Host Organizing Committee (HOC) Overview Legal Spain has an effective legal framework that will enable Madrid to host the 2020 Summer Ol ympics. Prior to hosting the 1992 Olympics, Spain adopted most of the laws and regulations governing Olympic Games. The Madrid Organizing Committee of Olympic Games (MOCOG) will be registered as a not-for-profit limited company. Its shareholders will include the government of Spain, the Municipality of Madrid, and the Spanish Olympic Committee. Organization The MOCOG will be responsible for organizing and staging all the Olympic Games and Paralympics Sports. MOCOG will also be responsible for the test events that will be conducted before the 2020 Olympics. These events include the opening and closing ceremonies, torch relays, and the inspire program. The MOCOG will also organize the Madrid 2020 mascots and festival. Key Individuals The organizing committee will be chaired by the president of the Spanish Olympic Committee. The mayor of Madrid will be the committee’s vice chair person. Other members of the committee will include Spain’s minister for sports and the Minist er for Tourism. Positioning Vision Madrid intends to deliver the best Summer Olympic, as well as, Paralympics Games experience that will inspire and entertain everyone. The Madrid 2020 Olympics will ensure a real legacy and a sense of belonging to all. Mission By hosting the 2020 Summer Olympic Games, Madrid will promote peace and harmony. The event will also help in improving the economy of Spain by creating jobs for the youth. Core values The bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympic in Madrid will be guided by three core values namely, cohesion, unity and fairness. All participants will be given equal opportunity to participate in order to ensure fair play.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Transition Plan After the approval of the bid, the bid committee will be transformed into an organizing committee. In light of this transformation, two subcommittees will be formed. These committees include the MOCOG Athletes’ Committee and the MOCOG Senior team. The organizing committee, MOCOG, will coordinate and supervise the activities of the MOCOG Athletes’ Committee and the MOCOG Senior team. Business Plan Finance Hoisting a mega event requires a significant amount of financial resources. Thus, an effective budgeting process must be put in place to ensure that the scare resources are allocated efficiently (Jago, Lipman and Vorster, 2010, pp. 220-237). Hosting the event will cost $ 4.5 billion. The event is expected to generate $ 5 billion in revenues. Additionally, the Committee has set aside a contingency fund of $ 150 million to cater for any unforeseeable risks. See the appendix for the budget. Sales and Revenue Generation Given the large amount of financial r esources required to manage a mega event, multiple and diverse sources of revenues should be considered by the organizers. Hence, the Madrid 2020 Olympic Games organizing committee will generate the required funds through the following sources. Source of Funding Amount in millions ($) Self-generated revenue program 450 Ticket sales 300 Sponsorship sales program 600 Merchandising and licensing program 350 Special projects 450 Donations program 800 Grants program 1450 Fundraising initiatives Live auctions 250 Silent auctions 200 50/50 raffles 150 Total 5000 Marketing and Communication The purpose of marketing and communication is to help an organization to reach its clients and create awareness about its products (Alves, Cerro and Martins, 2010, pp. 22-37). In the context of the Madrid 2020 Olympics, the objective of the marketing strategy will be to convey the information about the event. The targeted audience or markets include the countries that intend to participate, corporate sponsors, and athletes. The audience will be reached through messages that capture the theme of the event, its mission, vision and expected benefits. The marketing techniques will include advertising and promotional, as well as, public relations activities. The adverts will be posted in print and electronic media, as well as, outdoor advertising channels such as billboards. Local and international celebrities will endorse the event to enhance its publicity. The Madrid 2020 Olympic Logo will be designed in a manner that reflects the Olympic tradition and the culture of Spaniards. Additionally, an official website for the Madrid 2020 Olympic Games will be designed to facilitate communication with the public. Human Resources The quality of talent and human resources employed to deliver a mega sporting event determines the participants’ experience (Yu, Wang and Leo, 2012, pp. 46-65). Additionally, the competency of the workforce is central to the succes s of the event. The organizing committee will require 150,000 employees to deliver the Madrid 2020 Olympic Games. 50,000 staff members will be volunteers, while the remaining 100,000 will be directly employed by the organizing committee. The staff will be categorized into three groups namely, technical, administrative and consultants. Recruitment will be done as soon as the bid is accepted. This will be followed by training, orientation and recognition of the staff. Economic Impact Empirical studies reveal that hosting a mega event helps in enhancing economic growth and development of the host country and city. The benefits often accrue in the short-term and in the long-term. The Madrid 2020, Summer Olympics will benefit the economy of Spain in the following ways. About 500,000 visitors are expected to attend the event. In order to accommodate all the visitors, substantial investments will be made on infrastructure, hotels, and health care facilities. The operational expenditure is projected to be $1.5 billion while the capital cost is expected be $ 2 billion. Spending by visitors during and after the event is projected to be $ 6 billion. The spending by visitors will enhance growth in the tourism sector, hospitality and transport industry, among others. Consequently, Spain’s GDP growth after the event is expected to increase by 5.5%. The unemployment rate is expected to reduce from the current rate of 18% to 9%. Tax revenues are also expected to rise by 4%. Legacy Plan The legacies associated with hosting the 2020 Olympic Games in Madrid include the following. The financial legacies include construction of roads and expansion of the rail network within Madrid. 3 new stadiums will be constructed in Madrid and the existing ones will undergo renovations. Additionally, the Spaniards who will be recruited to deliver the event will benefit from training and education programs. The financial benefits include the financial surplus that will be generated by the organizing committee. These funds will be managed by the HOC for the purposes of promoting sports activities in Spain. Critical path The table below shows the important dates for the bid process. Date Event 15 February 2012 Application to host the 2020 Summer Olympics 2 March 2012 Creation of the Bid committee 11 June 2012 The bid committee sends the bid document to IOC 24 August 2012 Inspection of Madrid City by the IOC 12 November 2012 IOC announces the host country Operation Plan Sport Technical Requirements A successful event must be backed by a clearly defined timeline and operational plan. Consequently, the Madrid Summer Olympic Games bid committee developed the following operational plan. The proposed opening data is 8th August 2020 at 3.00 pm and the proposed closing data is 24th August 2020 at 5.00 pm. The choice of these dates is based on the fact that schools will be closed, thereby easing traffic on most transit routes. Additionally, the dates will coinc ide with the summer season. The required sports equipment and materials will be supplied by both local and international suppliers. The coaches will be appointed by the participating countries while the officials will be appointed by the IOC. The table below shows the event schedules Date Event 2 April 2020 to 3 may 2020 Test events 3 June 2020 Olympic Flame and Torch leaves Greece 8 August 2020 Flame and Torch arrives in Greece 8 August 2020 Opening ceremony 9 August 2020 to 24 August 2020 Olympic Games 24 August Closing ceremony 24 August Presentation of medals Host Competition Venues Organizers of mega events must provide adequate venues in order to enhance the experience of their audiences. Madrid already has a number of stadiums to host the 2020 Summer Olympic Games. The five stadiums to be used are listed in the table below. See the appendix for venue layouts and maps. Stadium Capacity Seats Santiago Bernabeu 80,354 All-seater Vicente Calderon 57,500 All-seater Circuito del Jarama 40,000 All-seater Plaza delas Ventus 25,000 All-seater Since these stadiums were built in 1960s, they will be renovated to make them suitable for Summer Olympics. Additionally, these stadiums are currently being used by various football clubs. Thus, the organizing committee will sign a contract with the stadiums’ management to facilitate their use for Olympics. A new Olympic Park and Village will be constructed in Madrid to host various activities such as the opening and closing ceremony. Three new stadiums will also be constructed in Madrid to supplement the existing ones. Athlete and Team Services The athletes, coaches and officials are likely to be motivated if they are offered special services. The motivation will improve their performance which in turn, will improve the entertainment experience of visitors. Consequently, the special services that will be provided for athletes and officials include free health insurance, transportati on services, and VIP seats in the stadiums. Additionally, their accommodation costs will be covered by the organizing committee. Accommodations Madrid’s ability to host the 2020 Summer Olympic Games can be demonstrated by its hotel bed capacity. According to IOC, the hosting city should have at least 39,000 roams in 3 to 5 star hotels. These are to be used by the athletes and the media. Additionally, there should be at least 11,000 rooms to be used by OCOG and the visitors. Madrid has a total of 429 hotels with a total bed capacity of 82,894. 90% of these hotels are 4 or 5 star hotels and offer first rate comfort. The hotels are also located within 15 kilometers from Madrid city center. The average room price by 2020 is projected to be $150, $ 180, $ 250 for 3, 4, 5 star hotels respectively. The price is inclusive of taxes. Food and Beverages Services The athletes, coaches and officials will be entitled to food and beverages in their hotels. Additionally, soft drinks will be provided to the participants in the venues. Given the diverse background of the participants, there will be a variety of meals and drinks to choose from. Five outdoor catering companies will be contracted to supply the drinks within the venues. Transportation Services A mega event requires an efficient transportation system to facilitate effective connection from one venue to another (Johnson, Biesgert and Elsasser, 2004, pp. 27-36). In Madrid 2020 Olympics, the main transportation systems will be the railway line and the road network. Special busses will be provided to transport the VIPs, officials, athletes, and managers. Truck and train companies will be contracted to transport sports equipment and materials. The number of dedicated bus lanes will be increased from 170 to 250 to avoid traffic congestion. Parking permits will be arranged in advance by the municipal of Madrid. Registration and Accreditation Due to the large number of the expected participants and visitors, registra tion and accreditation will be done online through the MOCOG website. Apart from online tickets, visitors will also purchase tickets from stores and restaurants. Participants from overseas will be registered upon arrival at Madrid International Airport. Registration will be done 24 hours a day. Security Services When hosting a mega event, the organizers must clearly understand the security needs in order to prevent any security risks that may interrupt the event (Heslop, Nadeau and O’Reily, 2010, pp. 404-433). The organizing committee will spend $ 80 million on security. The security services will be provided by the government of Spain’s police and private security firms. There will be access control measures such as check points and identity verification in key areas such as airports, venues and hotels. The armed forces will provide security and rescue services in case of an emergency. Information Technology The organizing committee is aware of the fact that an effici ent communication system will be necessary to facilitate effective coordination and management of the event. Thus, Orange and Vodafone Telecommunication ltd will be contracted to provide, install and maintain an effective radio and telephone systems, as well as, all IT devices. 5.10 Venue Management and Operation The organizing committee will be in charge of venue management and operation. All venues will be renovated before the event so that they can suite the needs of a Summer Olympic Games. The committee will set aside $30 million for the maintenance of the venues during the event. The funds will be used for activities such as cleaning or fixing any damages. Media Services Given the importance of Olympic Games, the event is likely to attract extensive media coverage from TV and radio stations, as well as, print media. Hence, the organizing committee will establish three media centers for the TV, radio and print media respectively. The media centers will be located within the Olym pic park in order to facilitate ease of access. Each media center will have a capacity of 30,000 m2 and will be fitted with modern information and communication equipment and fast internet. A broadcast center with a capacity of 10,000m2 will also be located in the Olympic park. The results center will be housed in the Olympic Village. It will have a capacity of 15,000m2. Hospitality and Protocol There will be reserved/ special seats for the VIPs, athletes and coaches. Special transport services will also be arranged for the VIPs, athletes and the coaches. Additionally, they will receive special reception at the venues. The staff and volunteers will be trained to ensure protocol is followed (O’Brien and Chalip, 2007, pp. 296-304). Ceremonies and Special Events The opening ceremony will involve a display of Spanish art, music, dancing, culture and the 2020 Olympic Games motto. The president of the organizing committee, the IOC president and the representative of Spain will give speeches. The closing ceremony will entail a speech from the organizing committee and closing remarks by the IOC president. Medical facilities Madrid already has well equipped health facilities to provide health care during the event. However, two more hospitals will be constructed to supplement the existing ones. Medical insurance will be provided to the participants to enhance access to health care. Emergency health care services such as first aid and ambulance services will be provided in the venues. Bilingual Given the diverse background of the expected visitors and participants, three languages will be used for making announcements and communication. The three languages include English, French and Spanish. Environmental Services The organizing committee is committed to environmental sustainability during and after the event. The event will have little impact on the environment since the use of existing venues will reduce the need for constructions. Additionally, efficient tech nologies will be used to reduce environmental pollution through waste material. Warehousing, Storage and Procurement The organizing committee will procure and store all the required equipment and materials. A procurement and inventory management software will be developed to manage the use of equipment and materials. A warehouse with a capacity of 30,000m2 will be hired for the storage of all equipment and materials. Risk Management Every mega event is associated with a number of risks. The organizing committee has set aside a risk fund of $ 100 million to address the risks that might disrupt the event. Appropriate insurance polices will be used to cover all insurable risks. Additionally, the organizing committee will ensure that the event meets the standards of the IOC and complies with Spanish law. Conclusion The evaluation conducted by the organizing committee reveals that Madrid has already achieved most of the IOC requirements for hosting the 2020 Summer Olympics. In particular , Madrid already has adequate venues, hotel bed capacity, health facilities and transport system. The government of Spain has guaranteed provision of funds for the construction of any additional facilities. Additionally, the organizing committee has promised to support the bid by ensuring that all IOC regulations are met. Hosting the event will enable Spain to promote world peace and to boost its economy. References Alves, H., Cerro, A., and Martins, V., 2010. Impact of Small Tourism Events on Rural Places. Journal of Place Management and Development, 3(1), pp. 22-37. Emery, P., 2002. Bidding to Host a Major Sprots Event: The Local Organizing Committee Perspective. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(4), pp. 316-335. Floros, C., 2010. The Impact of the Athens Olympic Games on the Athens Stock Exchange. Journal of Economic Studies, 37(6), pp. 647-657. Heslop, L., Nadeau, J., and O’Reily, N., 2010. China and the Olympics: Views of Insiders and Outsiders. Inter national Marketing Review, 27(4), pp. 404-433. Jago, L., Lipman, G., and Vorster, S., 2010. Optimizing the Potential of Mega Events: An Overview. International Journal of Events and Festival Management, 1(3), pp. 220-237. Johnson, J., Biesgert, T., and Elsasser, H., 2004. Sustainability of Mega events: Challenges, Requirements and Results: The Case Study of the World Ski Championship st. Maritz 2003. Tourism Review, 59(4), pp. 27-36. Jones, C., 2012. Festivals and Events in Emergent Economies: A Sea Change and for Whom? International Journal of Events and Festival Management, 3(1), pp. 9-11. Karadakis, K., Kaplanidou, K., and Karlis, G., 2010. Event Leverage of Mega Sport Events: A SWOT Analysis Approach. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(3), pp. 170-185. Knight, T., 2004. The Olympic Games. New York: Cengage Learning. O’Brien, D., and Chalip, L., 2007. Executive Training Exercise in Sport Event Leverage. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and H ospitality Research, 1(4), pp. 296-304. Swaddling, J., 2000. The Ancient Olympic Games. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Tooley, K., 2007. The Olympic Games. New York: Routledge. Westerbeek, H., Tuner, P., and Ingerson, L., 2002. Key Success Factors in Bidding for Hallmark Sporting Event. International Marketing Review, 19(3), pp. 303-322. Whate, L., 2004. Olympic Games. New York: McGraw-Hill. Yu, L., Wang, C., and Leo, J., 2012. Mega Event and Destination Brand: 2010 Shanghai Expo. International Journal of Event and Festival Managemnt, 3(1), pp. 46-65. This report on The 2020 Summer Olympics in Madrid was written and submitted by user Kailey Decker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Confronted The Brutal Truth Example

Confronted The Brutal Truth Example Confronted The Brutal Truth – Book Report/Review Example inserts his/her Confront the brutal truth The time when I was confronted with the brutal truth was when I had to take the exam for Math during my illness and I knew I required a very high passing score which was unattainable given my expertise at the subject. I was, therefore, facing the Stockdale Paradox whereby I had to confront the brutal truth that I had to prepare for the exam in little as well as maintain unwavering faith that I will secure a passing grade. My approach towards learning Math had been somewhat different compared to peers. I would always postpone learning for the exam till the end which would almost always result in a lower grade. Furthermore, the situation demanded that I prepare for the final examination within a month as I had been severely unwell before that. This was the moment when I was confronted with the brutal truth and did not lose faith as I knew I had to survive and prevail at the end. Therefore, I decided to obtain tutoring from a well-known Math ins tructor and invested my time in those after-school classes even if it meant sacrificing my sports class. Not only did I take up tutoring for Math but also ensured that I devoted at least an hour in practising various sums and exercises. In this process I sought assistance from my colleagues and engaged in group study to alter my conventional approach of rote learning concepts. With my unwavering faith, the outcome was highly favourable and I was able to secure a passing grade which, otherwise, would have been impossible to achieve. However, I would not attribute this improvement to overnight success; rather, it was a series of efforts including my attempt to increase the time I devoted to the practising of mathematical problems as well as obtaining tutoring. Therefore, I did not rely merely on external agents (my tutor) to achieve transformational results (a passing grade at Math), but intrinsically motivated myself to change my attitude towards the subject ( by not rote learning th e formulae).

Cairo Capital of Egypt Geography and Facts

Cairo Capital of Egypt Geography and Facts Cairo is the capital of the north African country of Egypt. It is one of the largest cities in the world and it is the largest in Africa. Cairo is known as being a very densely populated city as well as being the center of Egypts culture and politics. It is also located near some of the most famous remnants of Ancient Egypt like the Pyramids of Giza.Cairo, as well as other large Egyptian cities, has been in the news due to protests and civil unrest that began in late January 2011. On January 25, over 20,000 protesters entered the streets of Cairo. They were likely inspired by the recent revolts in Tunisia and were protesting Egypts government. The protests continued for several weeks and hundreds were killed and/or wounded as both anti and pro-government demonstrators clashed. Eventually, in mid-February 2011 Egypts president, Hosni Mubarak, stepped down from office as a result of the protests. 10 Facts About Cairo 1) Because present-day Cairo is located near the Nile River, it has long been settled. In the 4th century,  for example, Romans built a fortress down on the banks of the river called Babylon. In 641, Muslims took control of the area and moved its capital from Alexandria to the new, growing city of Cairo. At this time it was called Fustat and the region became a center of Islam. In 750,  though, the capital was moved slightly north of Fustat but by the 9th century, it was moved back. 2) In 969, the Egypt-area was taken from Tunisia and a new city was built north of Fustat to serve as its capital. The city was called Al-Qahira, which translates to Cairo. Shortly after its construction, Cairo was to become the center of education for the area. Despite Cairos growth,  however, most of Egypts governmental functions were in Fustat. In 1168, though the Crusaders entered Egypt and Fustat was intentionally burned down to prevent the destruction of Cairo. At that time, Egypts capital was then moved to Cairo and by 1340 its population had grown to nearly 500,000 and it was a growing trading center. 3) Cairos growth began to slow beginning in 1348 and lasting into the early 1500s due to the outbreak of numerous plagues and the discovery of a sea route around the Cape of Good Hope, which allowed European spice traders to avoid Cairo on their routes east. In addition in 1517, the Ottomans took control of Egypt and Cairos political power diminished as government functions were mainly conducted in Istanbul. In the 16th and 17th centuries,  however, Cairo grew geographically as the Ottomans worked to expand the citys borders out from Citadel that was constructed near the citys center. 4) In the mid-to late 1800s, Cairo began to modernize and in 1882 the British entered the region and economic center of Cairo moved closer to the Nile. Also at that time, 5% of Cairos population was European and from 1882 to 1937, its total population grew to over one million. In 1952 however, much of Cairo was burned in a series of riots and anti-government protests. Shortly thereafter, Cairo began to again grow rapidly and today its city population is over six million, while its metropolitan population is over 19 million. In addition, several new developments have been built nearby as satellite cities of Cairo. 5) As of 2006 Cairos population density was 44,522 people per square mile (17,190 people per sq km). This makes it one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Cairo suffers from traffic and high levels of air and water pollution. However, its metro is one of the busiest in the world and it is the only one in Africa. 6) Today Cairo is the economic center of Egypt and much of the Egypts industrial products are either created in the city or pass through it on the Nile River. Despite its economic success, its rapid growth has meant that city services and infrastructure cannot keep up with demand. As a result, many of the buildings and roads in Cairo are very new. 7) Today, Cairo the center of the Egyptian education system and there are a large number of universities in or near the city. Some of the largest are Cairo University, the American University in Cairo and Ain Shams University. 8) Cairo is located in the northern part of Egypt about 100 miles (165 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. It is also about 75 miles (120 km) from the Suez Canal. Cairo is also located along the Nile River and the citys total area is 175 square miles (453 sq km). Its metropolitan area, which includes nearby satellite cities, extends to 33,347 square miles (86,369 sq km). 9) Because the Nile, like all rivers, has shifted its path over the years, there are parts of the city that are very close to the water, while others are farther away. Those closest to the river are Garden City, Downtown Cairo,  and Zamalek. In addition, prior to the 19th century, Cairo was highly susceptible to annual flooding. At that time, dams and levees were constructed to protect the city. Today the Nile is shifting westward and portions of the city are actually getting farther from the river. 10) The climate of Cairo is desert but it can also get very humid due to the proximity of the Nile River. Wind storms are also common and dust from the Sahara Desert can pollute the air in March and April. Precipitation from rainfall is sparse but when it does occur, flash flooding is not uncommon. The average July high temperature for Cairo is 94.5ËšF (35ËšC) and the average January low is 48ËšF (9ËšC). Sources: CNN Wire Staff. Egypts Tumult, Day-by-Day. CNN.com. Retrieved from: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/05/egypt.protests.timeline/index.htmlWikipedia.org.  Cairo - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo

Hollywood cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hollywood cinema - Essay Example Yet all these are shallow representations of what genre really is. Studying about film genre is not about labeling the films as such. Genre, to the film maker, means the elements on which a film is based, which includes thoughts, ideas and realizations. This paper aims to tackle a thorough understanding on what film genre really is and how it has affected Hollywood Cinema for the past years. The word â€Å"genre† originated from France and originally meant â€Å"class or kind†. Initially, in the older days, it was used to differentiate various works of literature such as prose, drama or poetry. Later on, Shakespeare began to add subcategories such as tragedy and comedy. In the early 1950s, the word genre began to be associated with various classifications of film. The usage of this word continued on to the 1970s wherein there were more films being produced in Hollywood. As of now, there are numerous film genres that we see at movie houses and stores, indicating that indeed cinema have broadened over the past years. At present, genre is not just a word used to classify films. Filmmakers and artists now look at genre as a type of style or subject matter. These people delve deep into the events, ideas and thoughts that lead to the conceptualization of the film. Was there a difference in the creation of film as to style and theme over the years? It is not easy to brand a film by its genre. Genre, in itself, is a vague term. Most of us nowadays classify films as to its subject matter and suitability. Yet, there is a question as to whether the idea of film genre will always remain as such. It is not indeed easy to brand a film as to whether it is just a comedy, a drama or action film. Most films are mixed, i.e. they may be romantic comedies or action-drama. Yet, as vague as it is, it is essential for us that we know the basic elements of film genre. A filmmaker needs to know the elements of a particular genre because it is with these elements